Why does it hurt while breastfeeding?

Experiencing pain while breastfeeding, especially in the first few weeks, is quite common. With proper technique, this pain often improves or goes away completely. The most common causes are:

• Incorrect positioning or latch: If your baby's mouth doesn't grasp the areola (the brown area) adequately and only sucks the nipple, it causes friction and cracking. Your baby's lower lip should turn outward, and their chin should stick to the breast.
• Tongue tie or palate issue: If the baby's tongue movement is restricted, nursing won't be effective and too much pressure goes on the nipple. A pediatrician or lactation consultant can evaluate this.
• Thrush infection: If your baby has white spots in their mouth or your nipples look pink/shiny and burn, this could be it. Consult your pediatrician.
• Clogged milk duct or mastitis: If you have a firm, red, painful area on your breast or fever, it could be mastitis. Seek medical help immediately if you have fever.
• Pump use errors: If the suction is too high or the flange (breast shield) is the wrong size, it can cause pain.
• Dry skin or eczema: Keeping nipples moisturized is also important; lanolin cream (wiped before breastfeeding) can help.

In most cases, support from a lactation consultant or pediatrician reduces pain and makes the breastfeeding process more comfortable. If pain is severe or if you have bleeding or wounds on the nipple, don't ignore it.