What helps a 1-month-old baby with spitting up?

Spitting up in a 1-month-old baby is quite common and most often comes from simple reflux (milk backing up from your baby's stomach into the esophagus). There are a few things you can try:

• Hold upright: Keep your baby upright, resting on your shoulder, for 20-30 minutes after feeding. This helps the milk stay in the stomach.
• Frequent, smaller feedings: Instead of large amounts at once, feed more frequently but in smaller quantities so the stomach is not overfull.
• Burp regularly: Gently rub your baby's back while burping during and after feeding to help release gas, which reduces pressure and can prevent spitting up.
• Sleep position: Place your baby on their back to sleep; side or stomach position increases the risk of sudden infant death. Slightly elevating the head of the crib (by placing a towel under the mattress) can help reduce reflux.

Seek medical attention if:

• Spitting up is forceful and projectile, causing concern
• It happens after every feeding
• There is green or bile-colored material, or blood (dark brown)
• Your baby is not gaining weight or losing weight
• There is discomfort and crying

Also, if your baby has a fever (38°C and above) or decreased urine output (no wet diapers for 6-8 hours), this is an emergency — call 112.

In summary: home measures usually work well, but if any of the above signs are present, consult your pediatrician right away.